NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) is a vital coenzyme found in every living cell, often described as a cellular "fuel regulator" or "youth molecule" . It is essential for hundreds of biochemical reactions, including energy production, DNA repair, and cellular defense mechanisms . NAD+ levels naturally decline with age—by approximately 50% between ages 40 and 60—contributing to age-related decline and disease .
Key Specifications:
CAS Number: 53-84-9
Molecular Formula: C₂₁H₂₇N₇O₁₄P₂
Molecular Weight: 663.43 g/mol
IUPAC Name: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate) P'→5'-ester with 3-(aminocarbonyl)-1-β-D-ribofuranosylpyridinium inner salt
Synonyms: Coenzyme I, Codehydrogenase I, Diphosphopyridine nucleotide, NAD, NADIDE
Purity: ≥95-98% (research grade)
Appearance: White to off-white powder
Storage: Store at -20°C; protect from light and moisture
Mechanism of Action:
NAD+ functions through multiple critical pathways:
Redox cofactor: Transfers electrons in metabolic reactions (glycolysis, TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation)
Sirtuin activation: Fuels sirtuins (SIRT1-7), proteins that regulate aging, inflammation, and stress resistance
PARP substrate: Required for PARP enzymes to repair DNA damage
Second messenger precursor: Converted to calcium-signaling molecules (cADPR, NAADP)
Research Applications:
| Category | Applications |
|---|---|
| Aging & Longevity | Age-related decline, healthspan extension, cellular senescence |
| Metabolic health | Insulin sensitivity, mitochondrial function, energy metabolism |
| Neurodegeneration | Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, cognitive decline |
| Cardiovascular | Heart failure, vascular function, ischemia-reperfusion injury |
| Muscle health | Sarcopenia, muscle function, exercise performance |
| DNA repair | Genomic stability, premature aging syndromes |
Clinical Evidence:
A 2026 systematic review of 33 human studies confirmed that oral NAD+ precursors (NR and NMN) consistently increase blood NAD+ levels and are well-tolerated, though effects on functional outcomes remain heterogeneous . A 2026 randomized trial showed NR and NMN supplementation increases circulatory NAD+ concentrations comparably in healthy adults .
Important Notice:
FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY. NOT FOR HUMAN USE, THERAPEUTIC, OR DIAGNOSTIC APPLICATIONS.
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